Space and Time is a blockchain supported by Microsoft that focuses on data verified through zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs. It utilizes Proof of SQL, a ZK coprocessor capable of operating in under one second, to let AI agents, smart contracts, and onchain applications query both offchain and onchain data at scale while confirming the outcomes with cryptographic proofs. The system rests on a decentralized layer 1 blockchain where validators check every data entry, sign cryptographic commitments regarding that data, and record them onchain. By using Proof of SQL, developers can access this information and obtain results that are tamperproof and trustless directly onchain. This setup permits smart contracts to verifiably search through the complete history of major blockchains and external sources, fostering a new wave of complex, data-centric onchain applications.

The SXT token exists as an ERC-20 asset on Ethereum and serves as the native utility token for the network. Its uses include staking, paying for data processing, managing access control, and providing incentives to those who contribute data.

Space and Time (SXT) features a capped total supply of 5 billion tokens, which were all created at genesis. Upon launch, roughly 28% of this total amount is expected to be in circulation. This initial circulating figure comprises tokens designated for validator rewards, ecosystem expansion, and incentives for early usage.

Nate Holiday and Scott Dykstra established Space and Time. Holiday serves as the CEO of MakeInfinite Labs, which acted as the original contributors to the project, and he is a strategic advisor to both Bain & Company and Chainlink Labs. His background includes managing global go-to-market strategies and operations for Teradata, an enterprise data firm valued in the multi-billions. Dykstra heads engineering and technical development at the Space and Time Foundation. Before this role, he was Vice President of Cloud Engineering at Teradata, where he directed the migration of the company’s primary data warehouse product to the cloud. Together, they contribute decades of combined expertise in enterprise data and infrastructure to the cryptocurrency sector, aiming to pioneer the industry’s first trustless database. In 2022, the pair secured a funding round led by Microsoft’s M12 Ventures.

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Space and Time launched the sector’s initial sub-second ZK coprocessor. Its Proof of SQL technology enables smart contracts to execute analytic queries on large datasets in under a second and confirm the outcomes onchain within block time. Distinct from general-purpose zkVMs, Proof of SQL is tuned for SQL efficiency, verifying more than 600k rows in less than one second and expanding to hundreds of millions of rows in under a minute. This capability allows smart contracts to utilize the complete data history of Ethereum and other major chains, perform intricate calculations, and validate the results onchain. Space and Time operates as the first trustless database, merging the verifiability smart contracts need with the scale and speed necessary to support applications.

The economic framework of Space and Time aims to maintain a decentralized, permissionless network that incentivizes members for supplying high-quality data, protecting cryptographically secure tables, and providing sub-second ZK proofs to users on well-known chains. The SXT token supports network security by mandating that validators stake assets to join consensus, subject to slashing penalties for malicious actions. Each SQL query and ZK proof executed on the network is linked to a data commitment endorsed by a quorum of staked validators, connecting the reliability of query outputs directly to economic stakes.

The Space and Time network relies on a decentralized group of validators to secure its operations. These validators index both onchain and offchain data into tables that cannot be tampered with, achieving BFT consensus on cryptographic commitments that reflect the data's current state. To take part in this consensus process, validators must stake SXT tokens; if they behave maliciously or fail to fulfill their duties, their stake is subject to slashing. A threshold signature from a quorum of these staked validators is required for each commitment, establishing a cryptographic root of trust for the data at that specific time. Every subsequent SQL query and ZK proof references this root, ensuring that the validity of each outcome is linked directly to a snapshot of the data approved by consensus. Since these commitments are backed by staked economic value, any effort to alter data or generate invalid results would lead to slashing, which strongly discourages dishonest actions and guarantees the integrity of all queries and proofs. This structure ties trust in the network to the economic weight of the validator consensus.